Hi Vasil,
I can weigh in for some of these:
1Q: from https://www.algorand.com/Algorand%20Protocol.pdf
VERIFIABLE RANDOM FUNCTION
Recently we released the source code for our implementation of a Verifiable Random Function (VRF).
The VRF takes a secret key and a value and produces a pseudorandom output, with a proof that anyone can useto verify the result. The VRF functions similar to a lottery and is used to choose leaders to propose a block and committee members to vote on a block.
3Q: look at the first result of googling your question Is TEAL still not Turing-complete or this was in the past? - Google Search
5Q: its just how the protocol is called. It follows the Ethereum standard. If you google your question you will have the answer as firts result:
https://www.google.com/search?q=erc+ethereum+why+is+it+called+comment&rlz=1C5CHFA_enAU930AU930&sxsrf=ALiCzsZQDNm-EdEsXZKqz6UDBEPNLTKCqg%3A1653718685146&ei=nb6RYs3HCNmMseMP6OqZwAk&ved=0ahUKEwiNiqWWxoH4AhVZRmwGHWh1BpgQ4dUDCA4&uact=5&oq=erc+ethereum+why+is+it+called+comment&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBwghEAoQoAEyBwghEAoQoAEyBwghEAoQoAEyBwghEAoQoAEyBAghEBUyCAghEB4QFhAdOgcIABBHELADOgcIABCwAxBDOgUIABCABDoGCAAQHhAWOgUIIRCgAUoECEEYAEoECEYYAFCLAVi5G2C7HGgBcAF4AYABlgKIAaIjkgEGMC4xOS41mAEAoAEByAEKwAEB&sclient=gws-wiz
Q8: again, already asked Clear state reason
Q9: already answered Question about local storage limits for smart contracts - #2 by ryanRfox
11Q: accounts are prevented from performing a transaction if they would go below the minimum balance
12Q: see what goal app delete does from the docs goal app delete - Algorand Developer Portal
I am just assuming, but I would assuming the app can be deleted, but the transactions associated with the app remain, granting the immutability of what happened. You can set your app the reject delete transactions to prevent it from being deleted
def handle_deleteapp():
return Reject()
15Q: I am not sure but the way you want to look at any algorand sdk in any language, as instance pyteal, is that they generate TEAL code that gets executed. As such they are limited by the constraints of TEAL.
Assuming your thesis will take a while you probably want to learn some teal, and then see how your code compiles it to then see how it can be optimised
16Q: unfortunately I couldn’t find any
Hope this helps, since many of these questions are easily answered by google, I would recommend doing your research before posting, this will help people not getting put off by a very long question.