Conceptualizing PyTeal for Application Development

bhaney44 · June 23, 2023, 9:04pm

I have a few questions about how to work with PyTeal to create application IDs on Algorand.

What are the fundamental requirements for creating a smart contract with an on-chain ID to handle user application requests?
How can on-chain applications interact with user front-end interfaces, such as a react app?
What is the structure of TEAL code, how can the logic of the byte-code be understood conceptually to allow developers to understand the syntax requirements?
Do on-chain smart contracts typically have private keys associated for control?
What is the most common interface or mechanism for submitting code for an on-chain application smart contract to the Algorand blockchain?

Thank you!

bhaney44 · June 23, 2023, 10:22pm

One thing I want to note is that PyTeal generates TEAL. When this happens the TEAL script needs to be deployed to the blockchain from a node using the goal command line interface. One ongoing problem is a lack of effective mechanisms for running goal from the CLI. Here is an Issue I am working through regarding this problem. This problem is especially prevalent on Mac computers with the M1 chip, which often have inherent pathing problems.

scholtz · June 24, 2023, 10:10am

This is how i use to deploy with one bash script:

Build teal

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/run-deploy-reserve.sh#L1C6-L1C6


      
          python3 onchain/contracts/reserve/Reserve.py || error_code=$?

Deply contract

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/run-deploy-reserve.sh#L8


      
          python3 onchain/contracts/reserve/Reserve.py || error_code=$?
          error_code_int=$(($error_code + 0))
          if [ $error_code_int -ne 0 ]; then
              echo "reserve/Reserve.py build failed";
          	exit 1;
          fi
          
          ts-node src/deploy-reserve-contract.ts || error_code=$?
          error_code_int=$(($error_code + 0))
          if [ $error_code_int -ne 0 ]; then
            echo "run failed";
          	exit 1;
          fi

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/src/deploy-reserve-contract.ts#L71C30-L71C30


      
          let payload = await deployCreatePayload({ client, from: msigAccount, msigConfig, signator: msigSig1 });

Create tx

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/src/txs/reserve/deployReserveTx.ts#L11


      
          import algosdk from "algosdk";
          import * as fs from "fs";
          import compileProgram from "../../algo/compileProgram";
          
          interface InputObject {
            deployerAddress: string;
            client: algosdk.Algodv2;
          }
          const deployReserveTx = async (input: InputObject) => {
            const { deployerAddress, client } = input;
            let approvalProgramTeal = fs.readFileSync("onchain/build/Reserve.teal", {
              encoding: "utf8",
            });
            const clearProgramTeal = fs.readFileSync("onchain/build/ReserveClear.teal", { encoding: "utf8" });
            const fee = 1000;
            const numGlobalByteSlices = 6;
            const numGlobalInts = 20;
            const numLocalByteSlices = 0;
            const numLocalInts = 0;
            const appArgs: Uint8Array[] = [];

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/src/txs/reserve/deployReserveTx.ts#L26


      
          const numGlobalByteSlices = 6;
          const numGlobalInts = 20;
          const numLocalByteSlices = 0;
          const numLocalInts = 0;
          const appArgs: Uint8Array[] = [];
          
          const params = await client.getTransactionParams().do();
          const compileApprovalProgram = await compileProgram(client, approvalProgramTeal);
          const compileClearProgram = await compileProgram(client, clearProgramTeal);
          
          return algosdk.makeApplicationCreateTxnFromObject({
            from: deployerAddress,
            onComplete: algosdk.OnApplicationComplete.NoOpOC,
            suggestedParams: params,
            approvalProgram: compileApprovalProgram,
            clearProgram: compileClearProgram,
            numGlobalByteSlices,
            numGlobalInts,
            numLocalByteSlices,
            numLocalInts,
            appArgs,

Sign tx and send to network

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/src/deploy-reserve-contract.ts#L72C22-L72C22


      
          payload = await msigAppendSignature({ msigConfig, payload, signator: msigSig2 });

Fund account with minimum balance

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/src/deploy-reserve-contract.ts#L75


      
            version: 1,
          };
          const msigAccount = <string>process.env.msig ?? algosdk.multisigAddress(msigConfig);
          await fundAccount({ client, sender, receiver: msigAccount, amount: 1_000_000 });
          if (!reserveAppId) {
            logger.info(`going to deploy reserve app`);
            let payload = await deployCreatePayload({ client, from: msigAccount, msigConfig, signator: msigSig1 });
            payload = await msigAppendSignature({ msigConfig, payload, signator: msigSig2 });
            reserveAppId = await deployExecute({ client, payload });
            logger.info(`${Date()} reserveAppId: ${reserveAppId}`);
            await fundAccount({ client, sender, receiver: algosdk.getApplicationAddress(reserveAppId), amount: 10_000_000 });
          }
          if (true) {
            // configure
            console.log("configureVariablesCreatePayload");
            const feeAccount = algosdk.generateAccount();
            addrFee = feeAccount.addr;
            console.log(`addrFee=${addrFee}`);
            await fundAccount({ amount: 1000000, client, receiver: feeAccount.addr, sender });
            await optInToAsa(client, feeAccount, assetOracleBase);
            await rekeyToApp({ sender: feeAccount, app: reserveAppId, client });

Configure smart contract with app calls

github.com

scholtz/stabilitas-apps/blob/f4894d118164252cbcacdd7ba8e1c240547a7186/src/deploy-reserve-contract.ts#L86


      
          }
          if (true) {
            // configure
            console.log("configureVariablesCreatePayload");
            const feeAccount = algosdk.generateAccount();
            addrFee = feeAccount.addr;
            console.log(`addrFee=${addrFee}`);
            await fundAccount({ amount: 1000000, client, receiver: feeAccount.addr, sender });
            await optInToAsa(client, feeAccount, assetOracleBase);
            await rekeyToApp({ sender: feeAccount, app: reserveAppId, client });
            let payload = await configureVariablesCreatePayload({
              client,
              from: msigAccount,
              signator: msigSig1,
              reserveAppId,
              addrFee,
              addrLPFee,
              appAMM,
              appTokens: tokensAppId,
              assetAMMLP,
              assetOracleBase,

I am it is possible to do it with goal cli commands but if you code in some language it is much easier to do it this way.

luisdanielgp · June 25, 2023, 7:15am

You should also take a look at Algokit, the Explore command runs Dappflow, “a web-based user interface that let’s you visualise an Algorand network and deploy and call smart contracts via a graphical user interface”
It comes in handy for deploying and testing smart contracts in sandbox, testnet or even mainnet.

scholtz · June 25, 2023, 10:33am

I do not understand how/why DAppFlow changed from the open source to closed source app… I believe core infrastructure should be open source… DAppFlow was first open source explorer, algorand foundation put it into algokit, and then they changed it to closed source?

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